Group 1  deals with amblyopia. Some experimental studies were carried out to improve the success of visual training by making use of moving elements. Another extensive study on 110 severe amblyopic patients differentiates between those having abnormal retinal correspondence and others with a latent normal one,  fixing monocular at the rim of the disc. The latter patients are most difficult to treat. Instead of the common occlusion of the fixing eye the squint angle should be equalized by prisms; thus the bilateral peripheral fusion  should be encouraged with only the central vision of the master eye being reduced or interrupted..

Group 2 deals with the relevance of prismatic correction to a squint deviation and its possible influence on the outcome of surgery.  Each eso- or exotropic patient of the 1st University Eye Clinic wore Fresnel prisms for one year,  followed by surgery. The benefits were evident: Post-operative alignments increased from 68% to 93%;  less recurrence of the squint angle (50%) happened and  fewer further operations of the same patient ( 8% instead of 25.6%). Since 1998, instead of surgery, the exclusive wearing of prisms was recommended for about 60 patients of every type of squint. After a period of two to seven years, 78% showed alignment of their eyes. The maximum reduction of the squint deviations by applying prism therapy is +15° for convergence and -10° for divergence.

Group 3  represents a lot of motility curves of the eyes registered by the device for Infrared-Reflexion Oculography built in cooperation with D. Bouis.

Group 4 presents the field of Geriatric Orthoptics, which has been developed step by step in our clinic since 1975. This is the topic of my book, which was written to relieve as many elderly people as possible of the burden of diplopia.